A hernia develops when an internal organ or tissue protrudes through a weakened area in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. This condition can happen in various parts of the body, but it most commonly affects the abdomen or groin.
Why Hernia Occursrs
Weakness in the abdominal wall
The most common type of hernia occurs in the abdominal wall. When the muscles or tissue become weak, the organ or fat tissue inside can protrude through this weak spot.
Increased pressure inside
Certain activities or conditions can increase the pressure in the abdomen, causing organs or tissue to protrude through weak spots in the abdominal wall. This can be caused by:
- Lifting heavy objects
- Straining while defecating or urinating
- Constant coughing or sneezing (such as due to asthma or smoking)
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
Causes of Hernia
Hernias can occur due to a combination of muscle weakness and strain. Some common causes include:
1. Muscle Weakness
- Congenital defect (present at birth)
- Aging
- Chronic coughing
- Previous surgery that weakens muscles
2. Strain or Pressure
- Heavy lifting without proper technique
- Persistent coughing or sneezing
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Constipation (straining during bowel movements)
- Fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites)
3.Congenital causes
Some people are born with weak abdominal walls or muscles, which increases the risk of a hernia.
4.Getting older
The muscles and connective tissue in the body weaken as you age, which increases the risk of a hernia.
5.Previous surgery
If a person has had surgery before, a hernia may develop in that area, particularly if the scar after surgery is weak (this is called an “incisional hernia”).
6.Genetics
In some cases, a genetic predisposition increases the risk of hernias, as weak muscles or tissues can be inherited from family members who have had hernias.
Hernias can develop in various parts of the body, including inguinal hernias (in the lower abdomen), hiatal hernias (in the upper abdomen), and umbilical hernias (around the navel). Surgery is the primary treatment, reinforcing the weakened area to prevent complications such as strangulation, where trapped tissue loses its blood supply.
Read : Hernia of the urinary bladder
Ask Question
Q. What is the main cause of hernia ?
Ans. The primary cause of a hernia is the weakening or tearing of muscles or connective tissue. This can result from excessive strain, heavy lifting, chronic coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or age-related degeneration, allowing internal organs to push through the weakened area.
Q. How can we prevent hernia?
Ans. To prevent hernias, maintain a healthy weight, use proper lifting techniques, eat a fiber-rich diet to prevent constipation, stay active with regular exercise, quit smoking to reduce chronic coughing, and strengthen abdominal muscles to support the body’s core.
Q. How to fix a hernia without surgery?
Ans. Although surgery is the only permanent solution for hernias, small or asymptomatic cases can sometimes be managed temporarily with lifestyle changes. These include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, using a supportive truss, and addressing underlying issues like constipation.
Q. Can you live a normal life with a hernia?
Ans. Yes, many people live a normal life with a hernia, especially if it’s small and not causing symptoms. However, untreated hernias can worsen over time, leading to discomfort or complications. Managing symptoms and seeking medical advice can help maintain daily activities.
Q. How long is hernia surgery?
Ans. Hernia surgery typically takes 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the type and complexity of the hernia. Minimally invasive procedures, like laparoscopic or robotic surgery, usually take less time and have a quicker recovery compared to open surgery.
Ans. Signs of a hernia emergency include :
- Severe pain at the hernia site.
- Redness, swelling, or discoloration of the area.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Fever or chills.
- Inability to pass gas or stool.
- A firm, tender, or irreducible hernia lump.